ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (VRSA) frequently cause nosocomial infections yearly. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the potential for excessive use of antibiotics is a global threat to the increasing incidence of multiresistant bacteria. AIM: This study aimed to determine MRSA and VRSA colonization and identify factors associated with the risk of MRSA and VRSA nasal colonization in health workers at Dr. Soemarno Sosroatmodjo General Hospital, Kuala Kapuas, as one of the type C hospitals in Indonesia. METHOD(S): This cross-sectional analytic study at Dr. Soemarno Sosroatmodjo General Hospital, a tertiary hospital in Indonesia. A 128 health workers' subjects had undergone nasal swab screening for MRSA and VRSA colonization examinations. Then, they were asked to complete a questionnaire concerning the risk factors of MRSA and VRSA infections. RESULT(S): Nasal swab results obtained as many as 30 (23.5%) MRSA positive subjects and 6 (4.7%) subjects with positive VRSA. The most common risk factors that led to MRSA colonization included a history of positive MRSA in the previous hospital (60%), a history of ear, nose, and throat infection (41.7%), and did not do hand rub/handwash (36.7%). In comparison, the most risk factors for VRSA colonization were having pigs farm at home (33.3%), a history of positive MRSA in the previous hospital (20%), and a history of hospitalization in the past 6-12 months (16.7%). The results of multivariate analysis showed the most powerful and statistically significant risk factors in influencing nasal MRSA colonization were a history of positive MRSA in the previous hospital (OR 13.69, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 1.34-140.25, p = 0.028) and did not do hand rub/handwash (OR 2.95, 95% CI: 1.167-7.49, p = 0.023). Meanwhile, marital status (OR 0.160, 95% CI: 0.02-1.06), p = 0.058) and home care service (OR 6.10, 95% CI: 0.79-46.96, p = 0.082) were the strongest risk factors for nasal colonization of VRSA but not statistically significant. CONCLUSION(S): As many as, 23.5% and 4.7% of healthcare workers' subjects were found with nasal colonization of MRSA and VRSA, respectively. Accordingly, strict policies are needed to minimize the transmission of these organisms from the hospital setting to the community.Copyright © 2023 Siti Nur Rohmah, Rizka Humardewayanti Asdie, Ida Yosopa, Daya Daryadijaya.
ABSTRACT
The article presents the discussion on news related to various topics. Topics include Infection preventionists (IPs) urging to take a leadership role in the burgeoning national patient safety movement after the 1999 Institute of Medicine report;and MRSA killing more people annually than human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) in the US.
ABSTRACT
Background:COVID-19 is a new viral infection. Viral- bacterial co-infections are one of the biggest medical concerns, resulting in in- creased mortality rates. To date, few studies have investigated bacterial superinfections in COVID-19 patients admitted to ICUs. Methods:A total 43 patients admitted to our ICUs were enrolled in this study. To detect COVID-19, real - time polymerase chain reac- tion was performed. Pleural fluid, blood & sputum samples were collected from symptomatic patients and then all the samples were processed and bacterial identification was done using standard microbiological techniques. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out based on the CLSI recommendations. Results:Of 43 COVID -19 patients, 26 (60.46%) patients were male & 17 (39.53%) patients were female, with a mean age of 65 years. The average ICU length of stay was approximately 20 days. Among all admitted patients, 31 patients were found positive for bacterial infections & 12 patients were negative. Most common isolates were Staphylococcus aureus (11) & Pseudomonas aeruginosa (8). Oth- ers were Acinetobacter baumanii (6), Klebsiella pneumoniae (3), Enterococcus species (2) & coagulase negative staphylococcus spe- cies. All of the staphylococcus aureus isolates were detected as methicillin- resistant staphylococcus aureus & out of which 1 was detected as vancomycin resistant staphylococcus aureus. All of the staphyloccus isolates were sensitive to linezolid & also they were sensitive to vancomycin except one isolate. All isolates of Pseudo- monas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia & Acinetobacter baumanii were 100% sensitive to Colistin & have shown different percentage of sensitivity to other antibiotics. All isolates of enterococcus & coagulase negative staphylococcus species were sensitive to gen- tamicin, linezolid & vancomycin. [Formula presented] Conclusions: Our findings emphasize the concern of superinfection in COVID-19 patients due to Staphylococcus aureus & Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Consequently it is important to pay attention to bacteri- al co-infections in critical patients positive for COVID-19.